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APEX is an international collaboration for scientific research on Atomic Processes at EXtreme conditions based on the large scale modern accelerator complex HIRFL and HIAF. The collaboration aims a variety of research topics, including experimental and theoretical investigations of quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects in strong Coulomb fields, even the decay of QED vacuum at super critical electromagnetic fields beyond Schwinger limit, the ultrafast dynamics in collisions of highly charged ions /XUV photons /electrons with atoms, molecules as well as clusters, high precision measurements on electron-ion reaction rates which are important to understand astrophysics plasmas and fusion plasmas, the ion beam-plasma interactions to understand high energy density matter produced by intense heavy ion beams and their properties, and nuclear properties of radioactive elements using precision atomic spectroscopy, etc.
One of the goals of APEX research program is to have a better understanding of the universe since, as it is already known, more than 95% of visible matter in the universe is in plasma state, where high temperature, strong couplings, extremely strong fields, and highly charged ions prevail. Similar extreme conditions could also be found in artificial plasmas, like fusion plasma driven by strong lasers or intense ion beams, etc.
HIRFL is the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou which is in operation currently. HIAF is the High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility in Huizhou, in the coast area of South China, which is under construction and will be ready for day-one experiments in 2025. Both facilities are operated by the Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences. These Accelerator complex can provide highly charged, high intensity, high quality relativistic ion beams, even radioactive ion beams, for atomic physics researches with extreme conditions. There are dedicated experimental setups on HIRFL and HIAF to support the research activities of APEX collaboration. New instrumentations are being developed for the update HIAF program within APEX collaboration for the studies of QED in super critical fields.
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